雅思阅读中的True/False/Not Given(简称T/F)题型一直是众多烤鸭们既爱又恨的存在😕,爱的是它似乎看起来并不复杂,恨的是一不小心就容易掉入陷阱,就让我们全面剖析一下这一题型,帮助大家稳稳拿分💪。
T/F题型要求考生根据文章内容,判断题目中所给出的陈述句是正确(True)、错误(False)还是未提及(Not Given),这一题型主要考查考生对文章细节的理解以及逻辑推理能力🧐。
解题步骤
(一)仔细审题
在开始做题之前,务必认真研读题目,明确题目中的关键信息,特别是一些限定词,例如时间、地点、人物、程度副词、频率副词等📌,这些限定词往往会决定答案的走向,always”“never”“only”等程度范围较为绝对的词,一旦在文章中找到与之相悖的描述,那么答案通常为False,The majority of people always prefer to work independently.文章:Most people find it more productive to work in a team sometimes.文章中提到大多数人有时候觉得团队工作更有效率,这与题目中“always prefer to work independently”相矛盾,所以答案为False😏。
(二)定位原文中的关键词,迅速回到文章中定位相关信息,关键词会是一些具有独特性的词,比如大写字母、数字、专业术语等🔍,找到定位句后,认真阅读定位句及其上下文,确保对相关内容有全面准确的理解,答案并不直接出现在定位句中,而是需要从其上下文中进行推断,The changes that have occurred in ice cream production in recent years have been chiefly due to developments in the technology of freezing.
文章:Over the last few decades, the texture of ice cream has been improved by the introduction of artificial emulsifiers and stabilizers, which enable more air to be incorporated into the product. These changes have occurred mainly because of consumer demand for a lighter, creamier texture.通过定位发现文章主要说的是冰淇淋质地改善是因为消费者需求以及人工乳化剂和稳定剂的引入,而不是冷冻技术的发展,所以答案为False🙅♀️。
(三)对比分析与定位到的原文内容进行细致对比,判断题目中的陈述与原文是否一致:
- True:如果题目中的陈述与原文意思完全相符,或者可以从原文中合理推断出来,那么答案为True👍,The first film to use color was made in the 20th century.文章:The first feature film, made in 1906, was black and white. The first feature length color film didn't appear until 1935, which was in the 20th century.可以推断出第一部使用色彩的电影是在20世纪制作的,答案为True。
- False:当题目中的陈述与原文存在明显矛盾,或者与原文所表达的意思完全相反时,答案为False🙅♂️,All birds are unable to fly.文章:Most birds are capable of flying, although there are some exceptions such as penguins and ostriches.很明显,文章提到大多数鸟会飞,与题目中“all birds are unable to fly”矛盾,答案为False。
- Not Given:若题目中的内容在原文中根本没有提及,或者无法从原文中推断出来,那么答案为Not Given🤔,The government has plans to ban all cars from the city center by 2030.文章:The city is considering measures to reduce traffic congestion, but no mention has been made of banning all cars from the city center by 2030.文章中没有关于政府是否有到2030年禁止所有汽车进入市中心的计划,所以答案为Not Given。
常见陷阱及应对策略
(一)偷换概念中的某些关键词可能会被替换成看似相似但实际意义不同的词,导致意思发生变化😖,The number of wild tigers has increased in the past decade.
文章:The number of wild lions has increased in the past decade.文章说的是野生狮子数量增加,而题目说的是野生老虎数量增加,关键词“tigers”和“lions”被偷换,答案为Not Given,应对这种陷阱,考生需要在审题和对比时格外细心,关注词汇的准确含义。
(二)过度推断
有些考生会根据自己的主观想法对原文内容进行过度推断,得出错误的结论😣,The new regulations will have a negative impact on small businesses.文章:The government has introduced new regulations to improve the economic environment. These regulations are expected to benefit all businesses, including small ones.文章表明新规定预期会使所有企业包括小企业受益,而题目说会有负面影响,属于过度推断,答案为False,要避免过度推断,严格依据原文内容进行判断,不要加入自己的无端猜测。
(三)部分与整体的混淆可能会将原文中关于部分情况的描述扩大到整体,或者反之🧐,All children in the study showed improvement after the treatment.
文章:Some children in the study showed improvement after the treatment.文章说的是一些孩子有改善,而题目说所有孩子都有改善,这是典型的部分与整体的混淆,答案为False,考生要注意区分原文中描述的范围是部分还是整体。
真题演练
让我们来看一道真题:The use of mobile phones in schools is completely prohibited in all countries.文章:In many schools around the world, there are restrictions on the use of mobile phones. However, not all countries have a complete ban. Some countries allow students to use mobile phones but only under certain conditions.文章明确提到并非所有国家都完全禁止在学校使用手机,与题目中“completely prohibited in all countries”不符,所以答案为False🤓。
雅思阅读T/F题型虽然有一定难度,但只要我们掌握了正确的解题方法,仔细审题,精准定位,认真对比,避免陷阱,就能够在这一题型上取得优异的成绩,为雅思阅读的高分添砖加瓦🎉!希望各位烤鸭们通过不断练习,熟练运用这些技巧,在考场上轻松应对T/F题型,向着理想的分数大步迈进💖。