在雅思写作中，想要斩获7分的佳绩并非易事，而定语从句的合理运用则是提升写作质量的关键一环，如何巧妙地运用定语从句来为雅思写作加分,从而冲击7分呢？
定语从句的基本概念与结构
定语从句，简言之，就是在句子中起定语作用，用来修饰名词或代词的从句，它通常由关系代词（如who, whom, whose, which, that）或关系副词（如when, where, why）引导。“The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting.” 这里“which I bought yesterday”就是一个定语从句，修饰先行词“the book”,明确了是哪本书很有趣。
定语从句在雅思写作中的作用
丰富句子结构在雅思写作中，恰当使用定语从句能够使句子结构更加多样化，避免单调，比如简单句 “I like the movie.” 若用定语从句丰富一下就变成 “I like the movie that has won numerous awards.” 这样句子就不再平淡,展示了考生运用复杂句式的能力。
精准修饰能够准确地对名词进行修饰，使表达更加清晰和具体，例如描述一个地方 “The city where I grew up is a charming place.” 通过定语从句“where I grew up”精准地说明了是哪个城市,让读者对描述对象有更清晰的认知。
提升逻辑连贯性帮助连接句子，增强文章的逻辑性。“There are many reasons for this phenomenon. One of them is the lack of awareness, which can lead to serious consequences.” 这里的定语从句“which can lead to serious consequences”很好地承接了前文，说明了缺乏意识会导致的结果,使论述更具连贯性。
雅思写作中7分定语从句的写法要点
（一）正确选择关系词
- 人
- who：作主语。“The students who are hardworking usually achieve better grades.” （那些勤奋的学生通常取得更好的成绩。）
- whom：作宾语。“The teacher whom we respect very much is very experienced.” （我们非常尊敬的那位老师很有经验。）
- whose：表示所属关系。“The boy whose father is a doctor wants to be a doctor too.” （那个父亲是医生的男孩也想成为一名医生。）
- 物
- which：可作主语或宾语。“The book which is on the table is mine.” （桌子上的那本书是我的。）也可以说 “The book which I bought is very expensive.” （我买的那本书很贵。）
- that：既可以指人也可以指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。“The car that he drives is very fast.” （他开的那辆车很快。） 或者 “The movie that I watched last night was really exciting.” （我昨晚看的电影真的很++。）
- 时间
- when：在定语从句中作时间状语。“I still remember the day when I first came to this school.” （我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天。）
- 地点
- where：作地点状语。“This is the place where I met my best friend.” （这就是我遇到我最好朋友的地方。）
- 原因
- why：作原因状语。“The reason why he was absent is a mystery.” （他缺席的原因是个谜。）
- 紧跟先行词定语从句要紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。“The house which has a big garden is very beautiful.” 这样句子结构清晰,读者能迅速明白定语从句与先行词的修饰关系。
- 分隔情况为了保持句子的平衡或突出某些内容，定语从句会与先行词被其他成分分隔。“The problem, which has been discussed for a long time, remains unsolved.” 这里先行词“the problem”被逗号隔开，中间插入了定语从句“which has been discussed for a long time”，但不影响句子的理解,反而起到了补充说明的作用。
（二）注意从句的位置
（三）确保主谓一致
定语从句中的谓语动词要与先行词在人称和数上保持一致。“The students who are in the class are all very active.” 先行词“the students”是复数，所以从句中的谓语动词用“are”，再如 “The book which is on the shelf belongs to me.” 先行词“the book”是单数，从句谓语动词用“is”。
（四）避免滥用
虽然定语从句能提升文章质量，但也不能过度使用，以免造成句子冗长、复杂，影响理解，要根据表达需要合理运用，确保句子简洁明了的同时又富有文采。“The city where I was born and grew up, which is a very beautiful place with a long history, has many famous tourist attractions.” 这个句子中定语从句过多，显得繁琐，可以适当简化，如 “The city where I was born and grew up is a beautiful place with a long history and many famous tourist attractions.”
实战演练
（一）观点阐述类Some people think that technology has made our life more complex. Do you agree or disagree?
在论述同意这一观点时，可以这样写：Technology, which has brought about a plethora of conveniences in our daily life, has also made our life more complex. The various technological devices, such as ++artphones and computers, that we rely on so much have actually added to our stress levels. For example, the constant notifications on our ++artphones, which interrupt our concentration at any time, make it difficult for us to focus on one thing for a long time. Moreover, the complex software and systems, which are essential for the operation of modern technology, often require us to spend a great deal of time and energy to learn and master. This learning process, which can be frustrating and time-consuming, further complicates our lives.
（二）问题解决类How to reduce traffic congestion in big cities?
One effective solution is to improve public transportation systems, which can attract more people to use them instead of driving private cars. The buses and subways, which should be well-connected and frequent, can provide convenient travel options for commuters. By investing in better infrastructure for public transportation, such as building more subway lines and improving bus stops, we can encourage more people to choose public transportation, which will ultimately reduce traffic on the roads. Another measure is to implement traffic control measures, which can regulate the flow of vehicles. For example, traffic lights that are properly timed can ensure a ++ooth traffic flow at intersections, which is crucial for reducing congestion. Additionally, carpooling lanes, which are dedicated to vehicles with multiple passengers, can also help to reduce the number of cars on the road, thus alleviating traffic congestion.
（三）比较对比类Compare the advantages and disadvantages of living in the city and in the countryside.
Living in the city has its advantages. The city, where there are numerous job opportunities and a wide range of entertainment facilities, offers people more chances for career development and a vibrant lifestyle. For instance, the big companies and industries that are concentrated in the city can provide high-paying jobs, which is attractive for many job seekers. However, the city also has its drawbacks. The high population density, which leads to overcrowding and pollution, can have a negative impact on people's health. In contrast, living in the countryside, where the environment is peaceful and clean, is beneficial for people's physical and mental well-being. The fresh air and beautiful scenery, which are lacking in the city, can make people feel relaxed. But the limited job opportunities and less developed infrastructure, which are common in rural areas, can pose challenges for those who want to pursue a career or enjoy a modern lifestyle.
在雅思写作中熟练运用定语从句是冲击7分的重要手段之一，通过正确选择关系词、注意从句位置、确保主谓一致以及避免滥用等要点，并结合实际写作练习，考生能够巧妙地运用定语从句为文章增色添彩，展现出扎实的语言功底和逻辑思维能力，从而在雅思写作中取得理想的成绩🎯。