雅思写作作为雅思考试的重要组成部分,其评分标准一直是考生们关注的焦点,了解雅思写作如何评分,有助于考生有针对性地备考,提高写作成绩,本文将全面深入地解析雅思写作的评分标准,为考生们提供清晰的指导🧐。
评分标准概述
雅思写作的评分采用分项式评分,主要从四个维度进行考量:任务完成情况(Task Response)、连贯与衔接(Coherence and Cohesion)、词汇资源(Lexical Resource)和语法准确性及恰当性(Grammatical Range and Accuracy),每个维度满分9分,最终成绩取四项平均分。
任务完成情况(Task Response)
题目回应
- 完全回应题目:考生需要准确理解题目要求,全面涵盖题目中的所有要点,题目要求讨论两种观点并给出自己的看法,考生必须清晰地阐述两种观点,并明确表达自己的立场,且论述过程要紧密围绕题目展开,如果题目涉及到某个现象的原因和解决方法,考生就需要分别对原因和解决方法进行充分的讨论😃。
- 部分回应题目:若考生只讨论了部分要点,或者对要点的阐述不够深入,就会被判定为部分回应,题目要求分析全球化的利弊,考生只提到了全球化的好处,而忽略了弊端,这就属于部分回应,会严重影响该维度的得分。
- 未回应题目:如果考生完全偏离题目,比如题目让讨论教育问题,考生却论述了环境问题,那么在任务完成情况这一项上得分将极低。
内容扩展
- 充分论证:对于提出的观点,考生需要给出合理且充分的论证,可以通过举例、对比、因果分析等方法来支持自己的观点,在论述科技对生活的影响时,可以举例说明智能手机如何改变了人们的沟通方式;或者通过对比过去和现在的交通方式,阐述科技带来的便利。
- 细节丰富:丰富的细节能使文章更具说服力,比如在描述一个社会现象时,可以提供具体的数据、相关的事件或人物等,如在讨论城市人口增长问题时,可以提及某个城市近年来人口增长的具体数字,以及由此引发的住房紧张、交通拥堵等具体问题。
连贯与衔接(Coherence and Cohesion)
文章结构
- 清晰的段落划分:文章应根据论述内容进行合理的段落划分,每个段落围绕一个中心思想展开,开头段提出话题和立场,中间段落进行论证,结尾段总结观点,在论述文化保护时,开头段可以引出文化保护的重要性,中间段落分别从历史价值、民族认同感等方面进行论证,结尾段总结强调文化保护的意义和措施🤗。
- 逻辑连贯:段落内部和段落之间的逻辑关系要清晰,段落内句子之间应按照一定的逻辑顺序排列,如因果关系、递进关系等,段落之间可以通过适当的过渡词和短语进行衔接,使文章层次分明,使用“firstly”“secondly”“moreover”“however”等词来表明不同观点或论述内容之间的转换。
指代清晰
- 准确使用代词:考生应正确使用代词来指代前文提到的事物或概念,避免造成混淆,在论述某个政策时,若前文提到了该政策的具体内容,后面再次提及可以用“this policy”或“it”来指代,使文章表达更加简洁明了。
衔接手段多样
- 使用多种衔接词和短语:除了上述提到的常见过渡词,还可以使用一些更高级的衔接手段,如“in addition to”“not only...but also...”“therefore”“as a result”“in conclusion”等,来增强文章的连贯性,还可以通过重复关键词、同义词替换等方式来实现句子之间的衔接,在论述环保问题时,多次使用“environmental protection”“sustainable development”等同义词来强化主题。
词汇资源(Lexical Resource)
词汇丰富度
- 使用丰富的词汇:考生应展示出广泛的词汇量,避免重复使用相同的词汇,可以使用不同的同义词、近义词、反义词等来表达相同或相似的意思,在描述“好”这个概念时,可以用“excellent”“superb”“outstanding”“wonderful”等词替换“good”。
- 运用高级词汇:适当使用一些高级、学术性的词汇能够提升文章的质量,用“ameliorate”替换“improve”,用“substantiate”替换“prove”等,但要注意词汇的准确性和恰当性,不能为了堆砌高级词汇而忽略了句子的通顺和表意的清晰😉。
词汇准确性
- 正确使用词汇:考生要确保所使用的词汇拼写正确、词性恰当,并且搭配合理。“effect”和“affect”的用法不同,“effect”通常用作名词,“affect”用作动词,考生需要正确区分和使用,要注意词汇的搭配习惯,如“make a decision”而不是“do a decision”。
词汇灵活性
- 灵活运用词汇形式:能够根据不同的语境和表达需要,灵活运用词汇的各种形式,如名词的单复数、动词的时态、形容词的比较级和最高级等,在描述不同程度的变化时,可以准确使用“increase”“decrease”“rise”“fall”等词的不同时态和形式。
语法准确性及恰当性(Grammatical Range and Accuracy)
语法准确性
- 正确使用语法结构:考生要能够正确运用各种语法结构,包括时态、语态、从句、虚拟语气等,在描述过去发生的事情时,要准确使用过去时态;在表达假设情况时,要正确使用虚拟语气,句子结构要完整,主谓宾等成分不能残缺。“I like reading books”不能写成“I like read books”。
语法多样性
- 运用多种语法结构:展示出一定的语法多样性能够体现考生较高的语言能力,可以使用不同类型的从句,如定语从句、状语从句、宾语从句等,来丰富句子结构。“The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting”(定语从句);“Although it was raining, we still went for a walk”(状语从句),也可以尝试使用一些较为复杂的语法结构,如倒装句、强调句等,但要确保使用准确,不能为了追求复杂而出现语法错误😜。
语法错误较少
- 尽量减少语法错误:语法错误过多会严重影响文章的质量和得分,考生在写作过程中要仔细检查,避免出现明显的语法错误,一些常见的语法错误,如主谓不一致、动词时态错误、句子成分残缺等,都要尽量避免,如果出现少量语法错误,只要不影响句子的理解,对得分的影响相对较小,但仍应尽量保持文章语法的准确性。
评分示例及分析
9分文章示例Some people think that a sense of competition in children should be encouraged. Others believe that children who are taught to co - operate rather than compete become more useful +++++s. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
文章:In contemporary society, the issue of whether to encourage competition or cooperation in children has sparked a heated debate. Those who advocate for competition in children argue that it fosters a spirit of excellence. When children are in a competitive environment, they are motivated to strive for better results. For instance, in a school sports meet, students compete against each other in various events. This not only helps them improve their physical abilities but also cultivates their perseverance and determination.
On the other hand, proponents of cooperation believe that it equips children with essential social skills. By working together in groups, children learn to communicate effectively, respect others' opinions, and contribute to a common goal. For example, in a group project at school, students need to collaborate to complete the task. Through this process, they understand the importance of teamwork and how to achieve success through collective efforts.
In my opinion, both competition and cooperation have their own merits. A balanced approach that combines both is ideal. Children should be exposed to both competitive and cooperative situations so that they can develop a comprehensive set of skills necessary for their future. Competition can drive them to reach their full potential, while cooperation can teach them the value of working with others.
分析:
- 任务完成情况:全面回应了题目,详细讨论了竞争和合作的两种观点,并清晰地给出了自己的看法,论证充分,举例恰当。
- 连贯与衔接:文章结构清晰,段落划分合理,通过“on the other hand”等词实现了观点之间的自然衔接,指代明确。
- 词汇资源:使用了丰富的词汇,如“contemporary society”“sparked a heated debate”“fosters a spirit of excellence”等,词汇准确性高,且能够灵活运用同义词替换。
- 语法准确性及恰当性:语法结构正确,句子多样,使用了定语从句(“Those who advocate for competition...”)、状语从句(“When children are in a competitive environment...”)等,几乎没有语法错误。
6分文章示例The best way to solve the world's environmental problems is to increase the price of fuel. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
文章:Some people think increasing the price of fuel is the best way to solve environmental problems. I partly agree with this view. When the price of fuel goes up, people may use less fuel. For example, they might drive less and take public transportation more often. This can reduce emissions.
However, there are other ways to solve environmental problems. We can also encourage the development and use of renewable energy sources like solar and wind power. These sources are clean and sustainable.
In conclusion, while increasing the price of fuel can help to some extent, it is not the only solution. We need to consider other methods as well.
分析:
- 任务完成情况:回应了题目,讨论了增加燃油价格对解决环境问题的作用,并提及了其他解决方法,有一定的论证,但不够深入全面。
- 连贯与衔接:文章结构较清晰,通过“however”等词进行了观点的衔接,指代基本明确。
- 词汇资源:词汇使用较为基本,有一定的丰富度,但缺乏高级词汇,如“renewable energy sources”等表述相对简单。
- 语法准确性及恰当性:语法结构正确,句子较为简单,语法错误较少。
4分文章示例Nowadays, more and more people are using mobile phones. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this trend.
文章:Mobile phones are very popular now. Some good things about it is that people can communicate easy. They can call and send messages to their friends.
But there are also bad things. Sometime people use mobile phones too much. They play games or watch videos on it all the time.
分析:
- 任务完成情况:提到了手机使用的优点和缺点,但论述非常简略,不充分,没有具体展开。
- 连贯与衔接:文章结构不清晰,段落划分不明显,句子之间缺乏有效的衔接词。
- 词汇资源:词汇简单、基础,丰富度严重不足,如“good things”“bad things”等表述过于简单。
- 语法准确性及恰当性:存在较多语法错误,如“Some good things about it is...”主谓不一致;“communicate easy”形容词误用;“Sometime”拼写错误等。
通过以上对雅思写作评分标准的详细解析以及不同分数段文章的示例分析,考生们应该对雅思写作如何评分有了更清晰的认识,在备考过程中,考生们要针对各个评分维度进行有针对性的训练,不断提高自己的写作能力,从而在雅思写作考试中取得理想的成绩💪,希望每一位考生都能通过努力,写出高质量的雅思作文,实现自己的留学或语言提升目标🎓。