雅思写作和口语部分都对连贯与衔接有着明确的评分要求,了解这些评分标准如何计算对于考生提升成绩至关重要📖。
写作部分连贯评分标准及计算方式
文章整体结构
- 明确的开头与结尾
- 一篇优秀的雅思作文通常要有清晰的开头引入话题,表明立场,例如在论述“科技对生活的影响”这一话题时,开头可以这样写:“In modern society, technology has permeated every aspect of our lives. Whether it has brought more benefits or drawbacks is a topic of great concern.” 结尾则要总结全文观点,如 “In conclusion, although technology has brought some challenges, its positive impacts on our lives are undeniable and far outweigh the negative ones.”
- 评分时,如果开头能够有效引出主题,结尾能合理总结观点,就会在整体结构连贯方面获得一定分数,结构完整、清晰的文章在这一项上能得到 6 - 7 分的基础分,如果开头结尾特别出色,能自然流畅地引导读者进入和结束文章,可冲击 8 - 9 分。
- 连贯的段落组织
- 每个段落都应有一个明确的中心思想,并围绕该思想展开论述,比如在论述“环境保护的重要性”时,一个段落可以专门阐述“对生物多样性的影响”:“One of the crucial aspects of environmental protection is its impact on biodiversity. When habitats are destroyed due to pollution or deforestation, countless species are at risk of extinction. For example, the destruction of the Amazon rainforest has led to the disappearance of many unique plant and animal species.”
- 段落之间的衔接也很关键,可以使用一些连接词,如“firstly”“secondly”“moreover”“however”等,像 “Firstly, environmental protection is essential for maintaining ecological balance. Secondly, it also has a direct impact on human health. Moreover, protecting the environment can ensure sustainable development for future generations. However, there are still some people who neglect its importance.”
- 在连贯评分中,段落组织合理、衔接紧密的文章能得到较好的分数,段落内论述逻辑清晰、段落间过渡自然的文章,在这一项上通常能达到 6 - 7 分,如果在此基础上还能巧妙运用连接词和短语,使文章层次更加分明,可提升到 8 - 9 分。
- 观点的展开与论证
- 提出观点后要有相应的论证支持,比如观点是“运动有益健康”,论证可以是“Regular exercise can improve cardiovascular function. When people engage in aerobic exercises like running or cycling, their heart rate increases, which helps strengthen the heart muscle. This, in turn, reduces the risk of heart diseases.”
- 论证过程要符合逻辑,从原因到结果,或者从现象到本质进行合理推导,如果论证充分、逻辑严密,在连贯评分中会得到较高分数,一般逻辑清晰、论证有力的文章在这一项上能获得 6 - 7 分,论证特别深入、逻辑链完整的可冲击 8 - 9 分。
- 指代与替换的运用
- 适当使用指代来避免重复。“The government should invest more in education. This will ensure that the next generation has the necessary skills and knowledge to succeed in the future.” 这里的“this”指代前面提到的“政府投资教育”。
- 运用同义词替换也能使文章更连贯,比如用“purchase”替换“buy”,“a variety of”替换“many”等,在连贯评分时,指代和替换运用得当的文章能体现出较好的语言运用能力,一般可得到 5 - 6 分,如果运用熟练且自然,可提升到 7 - 8 分。
- 停顿与犹豫
- 考生在回答问题时要尽量保持流畅,避免过多不必要的停顿和犹豫,比如在描述一次旅行经历时,不能频繁地“嗯”“啊”停顿,像 “I went to Paris last year. It was an amazing trip. I visited the Eiffel Tower, which is really spectacular. And I also explored the Louvre Museum, where there are countless masterpieces.” 这样流畅的表达会给考官留下好印象。
- 如果停顿和犹豫较少,话语比较流畅,在连贯评分中会有一定优势,一般流畅度较好的考生在这一项上能得到 6 - 7 分,如果几乎没有明显停顿,可冲击 8 - 9 分。
- 语速与节奏
- 语速适中,并且有一定的节奏变化,不能过快导致发音不清晰,也不能过慢显得拖沓,例如在讲述一个故事时,可以根据情节的紧张或舒缓调整语速,在描述紧张情节时语速稍快,在描述重要细节时语速放慢。
- 合理的语速与节奏能增强话语的连贯性,语速和节奏把握得当的考生,在这一项上通常能获得 6 - 7 分,如果表现出色,能根据内容灵活调整语速和节奏,可提升到 8 - 9 分。
- 话题的延续
- 回答要紧密围绕话题展开,不能偏离主题,比如考官问“你对社交媒体的看法”,考生要始终围绕社交媒体的优点、缺点、对生活的影响等方面回答。“I think social media has both positive and negative impacts. On the one hand, it allows people to connect with others easily. For example, I can keep in touch with my friends and family who are far away. On the other hand, it can also be a source of distraction. Sometimes I spend too much time on social media and neglect my studies.”
- 话题延续性好的回答在连贯评分中能得到较好分数,能紧扣话题、论述全面的考生,在这一项上一般能达到 6 - 7 分,如果能深入探讨话题且与其他相关观点有效衔接,可冲击 8 - 9 分。
- 连接词与语篇标记
- 运用连接词和语篇标记来表明句子之间的关系,如“in addition”“therefore”“however”等。“I like reading books. In addition, I also enjoy watching movies. Therefore, I spend a lot of my free time on these two activities. However, I don't have much time for sports.”
- 这些连接词和语篇标记能使回答更连贯、有条理,熟练运用连接词和语篇标记的考生,在连贯评分中会有明显优势,一般能得到 6 - 7 分,如果运用丰富且自然,可提升到 8 - 9 分。
逻辑连贯
口语部分连贯评分标准及计算方式
话语的流畅性
衔接与连贯
无论是雅思写作还是口语,连贯与衔接都是重要的评分维度,考生需要在平时的练习中注重文章或回答的整体结构、逻辑连贯以及话语的流畅性和衔接性,通过不断积累和练习,掌握连贯评分标准的要点,从而在雅思考试中取得更好的成绩💪。